History

Bhagat Singh was known to be an intelligent and diligent student, with a particular interest in literature, history, and political science. While detailed academic report cards from his time are not widely available, historical accounts and his own writings suggest a strong intellectual curiosity and academic aptitude.

• He attended the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic High School in Lahore and later joined the National College, Lahore, which was founded by Lala Lajpat Rai. This institution focused on promoting Indian culture and self-reliance, offering an alternative to British-controlled schools.

• At National College, he excelled in his studies, particularly in subjects that fostered his nationalist and revolutionary ideals. He was deeply influenced by revolutionary thinkers and writers, and spent a significant amount of his time reading and studying their works.

• He was known for his extensive reading habits, devouring books on socialism, communism, history, and philosophy. This self-study supplemented his formal education and shaped his political ideology.

• Bhagat Singh's intellectual prowess is evident in his writings, essays, and court statements, which display a profound understanding of political theory, economics, and history, indicating a sharp and analytical mind developed through dedicated study.

In essence, Bhagat Singh was not just academically proficient but also a voracious reader and a critical thinker whose studies went far beyond the classroom curriculum, deeply influencing his revolutionary path.

Regarding your question about "Sundar," there is no widely known historical figure named Sundar who was killed alongside Bhagat Singh or Batukeshwar Dutt. Bhagat Singh was executed along with his comrades Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru.

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt were involved in significant acts of protest against British rule in India:

• Bhagat Singh was executed (hanged) by the British colonial government on March 23, 1931, in Lahore. He, along with Sukhdev and Rajguru, was convicted in the Lahore Conspiracy Case. The primary charges leading to his death sentence were:
  • The assassination of British police officer John P. Saunders in December 1928. This act was carried out in retaliation for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, who succumbed to injuries sustained during a police lathi-charge.
  • The bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi on April 8, 1929. This act was intended as a protest to "make the deaf hear" and not to cause casualties.
• Batukeshwar Dutt was not killed. He was arrested along with Bhagat Singh after the Central Legislative Assembly bombing in April 1929. While Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were sentenced to death for the Saunders murder, Batukeshwar Dutt was sentenced to transportation for life for his role in the Assembly bombing case. He suffered from tuberculosis during his imprisonment and was eventually released in 1937. He passed away in 1965.

Their actions and trials galvanized the Indian independence movement and cemented their status as iconic revolutionaries.

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt exploded a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi on April 8, 1929, for several key reasons:

• To protest oppressive laws: They aimed to protest against the introduction of two controversial bills by the British government:
  • The Public Safety Bill: This bill aimed to give the government extensive powers to deport foreigners suspected of involvement in revolutionary activities, particularly targeting communist activists.
  • The Trade Disputes Bill: This bill sought to make it illegal for workers to strike, effectively curbing the rights of laborers and trade unions.
• To "make the deaf hear": Bhagat Singh famously stated that their intention was not to kill or injure, but "to make the deaf hear." They felt that the British government was ignoring the pleas and demands of the Indian people for self-rule and justice. The bombing was a dramatic act designed to draw widespread attention to the Indian independence movement and the injustices perpetrated by the colonial regime.
• To spread revolutionary ideas: They also used the opportunity to throw leaflets that outlined their revolutionary philosophy and called for an end to British rule. Their goal was to inspire other Indians and create a mass movement.
• Symbolic act, not mass casualty: The bombs were deliberately designed to be low-intensity, intended to create noise and smoke rather than cause fatalities or serious injuries. They purposefully threw them in an unoccupied area of the assembly and readily surrendered afterward, making it clear their objective was to send a message, not to commit terrorism.

After the bombing, they raised slogans like "Inquilab Zindabad!" (Long Live Revolution!) and allowed themselves to be arrested, using their subsequent trial as a platform to articulate their political views and revolutionary ideals to a wider audience.

Aristomenes was a legendary hero of Messenia who played a pivotal role in the Second Messenian War against Sparta, traditionally dated to the 7th century BCE. He is celebrated for his extraordinary bravery, cunning, and his leadership in the Messenian struggle for independence from Spartan domination.

According to ancient accounts, Aristomenes repeatedly led his people in fierce battles against the powerful Spartan army. He was known for his audacious raids into Spartan territory and his remarkable ability to escape capture, even from seemingly impossible situations. His exploits became the subject of numerous legends, portraying him as a figure of almost mythical strength and resourcefulness.

Despite his heroic efforts, Messenia ultimately fell to Sparta. However, Aristomenes' legacy endured as a powerful symbol of Messenian resistance and a champion of freedom against overwhelming odds. He is revered in Greek history as one of the most celebrated figures in the fight against Spartan hegemony.

Historical sources do not definitively state whether Mata Tripta, Guru Nanak's mother, was formally educated or illiterate. There is a lack of specific records detailing the educational background of women during that era in the region where she lived.

Therefore, it is impossible to provide a certain answer based on available historical information.

Uttar AI here! The Third Battle of Panipat, fought in 1761, is significant for several reasons: