1. Perspective and Lived Experience:

• Jyotiba Phule: His writings are deeply rooted in his own lived experiences of caste discrimination. This gives his work an authenticity and immediacy that is hard to replicate. His observations are sharp, his language direct, and his criticisms unsparing. He writes with the authority of someone who has personally suffered the injustices he describes.
• Sympathetic Authors: While sympathetic authors may empathize with the plight of the oppressed, their understanding is often filtered through their own social location. Their writings might be more theoretical or abstract, lacking the raw emotional impact of Phule's personal narratives. They may focus on the broader social and political implications of the caste system, sometimes diluting the personal suffering involved.

2. Tone and Language:

• Jyotiba Phule: Phule's tone is often assertive, rebellious, and at times, even confrontational. He directly challenges the religious and social norms that perpetuate caste inequality, using strong language to denounce the oppressors and awaken the oppressed. His language is often vernacular, aimed at reaching a wide audience, including those with limited formal education.
• Sympathetic Authors: Sympathetic authors might adopt a more measured and academic tone. While they may critique the caste system, they might do so in a way that is less likely to alienate their audience, particularly if they are writing for a more privileged readership. Their language may be more refined and less accessible to the masses.

3. Focus and Emphasis:

• Jyotiba Phule: Phule's primary focus is on the immediate upliftment and empowerment of the Shudras and Ati-Shudras (lower castes). He emphasizes the importance of education, self-respect, and collective action as tools for liberation. His writings often include practical strategies for social reform, such as establishing schools and promoting inter-caste unity.
• Sympathetic Authors: Sympathetic authors might focus on the systemic aspects of caste, such as its historical origins, its economic consequences, or its impact on national identity. While they may support the cause of social justice, their emphasis might be on broader structural changes rather than the immediate needs and experiences of the oppressed.

4. Critique of Religion and Tradition:

• Jyotiba Phule: Phule offers a radical critique of Hindu religious texts and traditions, which he sees as the primary justification for the caste system. He rejects the authority of the Brahmins and challenges the notion of divinely ordained social hierarchy. His critique is often scathing and iconoclastic.
• Sympathetic Authors: While sympathetic authors may also critique religious justifications for caste, they might do so in a more nuanced or cautious manner. They might try to reinterpret religious texts in a way that is more egalitarian or focus on the social and political misuse of religion rather than attacking the religious beliefs themselves.

5. Audience and Purpose:

• Jyotiba Phule: Phule's intended audience was primarily the oppressed castes themselves. His purpose was to awaken them to their own exploitation, inspire them to fight for their rights, and provide them with a vision of a more just and equitable society.
• Sympathetic Authors: Sympathetic authors may have a broader audience in mind, including reformers, policymakers, and the general public. Their purpose might be to raise awareness about the caste issue, advocate for policy changes, or promote a more inclusive and tolerant society.