Social action models are frameworks or approaches used to guide and understand collective efforts aimed at creating social change. These models provide a structure for planning, implementing, and evaluating interventions designed to address social problems and promote social justice. They often incorporate elements of community organizing, advocacy, policy change, and service delivery.

Here are some key aspects and examples of social action models:

• Community Organizing: This involves mobilizing community members to identify problems, develop solutions, and take collective action. Saul Alinsky's model is a classic example, emphasizing grassroots organizing and power building.

  Source: Alinsky's Rules for Radicals

• Advocacy and Policy Change: This focuses on influencing public policy through lobbying, public education, and legal action. Models often involve identifying key decision-makers and developing strategies to persuade them to adopt specific policies.

  Source: Community Tool Box: Developing an Advocacy Plan

• Social Marketing: Applying marketing principles to promote socially beneficial behaviors or ideas. This involves understanding target audiences, crafting persuasive messages, and using communication channels to reach and influence them.

  Source: CDC Social Marketing Basics

• Popular Education: An approach to learning and social change that emphasizes participatory methods, critical reflection, and collective action. It seeks to empower individuals and communities to understand and transform their social realities.

  Source: UNICEF Popular Education Manual for Facilitators

• Empowerment Models: These models focus on enhancing the capacity of individuals and communities to control their own lives and resources. They often involve participatory decision-making, skill-building, and promoting self-determination.

  Source: PubMed Central: Empowerment: What is it really?

Social action models are diverse and adaptable, depending on the specific social problem being addressed, the target population, and the available resources. Effective social action often involves a combination of different approaches, tailored to the unique context and goals of the initiative.