The title of "father of geography" is most often attributed to Eratosthenes of Cyrene.

Eratosthenes was a Greek polymath, mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. He lived approximately from 276 BCE to 194 BCE. His contributions to geography include:

• Being the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy.
• Creating one of the earliest known maps of the world incorporating findings from military campaigns and incorporating scholarly information.
• Inventing the geographical term "geography."

While figures like Hecataeus of Miletus made earlier contributions to cartography and geographical writing, Eratosthenes' comprehensive and scientific approach led to his recognition as the father of geography.