Fungi are a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms. They are distinct from plants, animals, and bacteria.

Here's a breakdown of key characteristics:

• Eukaryotic: Fungal cells contain a nucleus and other complex organelles enclosed within membranes.
• Heterotrophic: Fungi obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter from their environment. They cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis.
• Cell Walls: Fungal cells have rigid cell walls containing chitin.
• Structure: Many fungi are multicellular and composed of thread-like filaments called hyphae. A mass of hyphae is called a mycelium. Other fungi, like yeasts, are unicellular.
• Reproduction: Fungi reproduce through spores, which can be either sexual or asexual.

Examples of fungi include:

• Mushrooms
• Yeasts
• Molds
• Mildews

Ecological Roles: Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems, including:

• Decomposers: Breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients.
• Symbionts: Forming beneficial relationships with plants (mycorrhizae) and algae (lichens).
• Parasites: Some fungi cause diseases in plants and animals.

For more in-depth information, you can refer to these resources:

• Britannica - Fungus
• UC Berkeley - Introduction to the Fungi