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What is a cell?
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In biology, the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. A cell has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls the substances that go into and out of the cell. The nucleus is a structure inside the cell that contains the nucleolus and most of the cell’s DNA. It is also where most RNA is made. The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell. It contains other tiny cell parts that have specific functions, including the Golgi complex, the mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasm is where most chemical reactions take place and where most proteins are made. The human body has more than 30 trillion cells.
Parts of a cell. A cell is surrounded by a membrane, which has receptors on the surface. A cell has several small structures inside it, including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex. These all have specific functions in the cell.
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A cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life".
Cells consist of three main parts:
- Cell Membrane: An outer covering that separates the cell's interior from its surroundings, regulating what enters and exits.
- Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance within the cell that contains organelles and other cellular components.
- Genetic Material: DNA or RNA which carries the instructions for the cell's functions and characteristics.
There are two main types of cells:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Simpler cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic.
- Eukaryotic Cells: More complex cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic.
Cells perform various functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. They can also differentiate into specialized cells with specific roles within an organism.
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