What is a Global Information System (GIS)?

A Global Information System (GIS) is an organized collection of computer systems, hardware, software, data, and personnel designed to capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced information.

GIS is used for a wide range of applications, including:

• Mapping and visualization: Creating maps and other visual representations of geographic data.
• Spatial analysis: Analyzing geographic data to identify patterns and relationships.
• Decision making: Supporting decision-making in a variety of fields, such as urban planning, resource management, and environmental protection.

Key components of a GIS:

• Hardware: The computer system used to run the GIS software.
• Software: The GIS software used to manage and analyze geographic data.
• Data: The geographic data stored in the GIS. This data can include:
  • Spatial data: Information about the location and shape of geographic features.
  • Attribute data: Information about the characteristics of geographic features.
• People: The GIS professionals who design, develop, and use GIS systems.

How does it work?

GIS works by integrating spatial data (where things are) with attribute data (what things are like). This allows users to perform a variety of tasks, such as:

• Creating maps that show the distribution of different types of geographic features.
• Analyzing the relationships between different geographic features.
• Identifying areas that are at risk from natural disasters.
• Planning new developments in a sustainable way.

Benefits of using a GIS:

• Improved decision-making
• Increased efficiency
• Better communication
• Enhanced data management

Here are some resources to help you learn more:

• ESRI - What is GIS?
• USGS - What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?