The Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC), also known as the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), is a structured process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. It outlines the various stages involved in developing software from initial concept to final implementation and maintenance. There are various models or frameworks for the PDLC, each with its own set of steps, but they generally include the following stages:

1. Planning:

   This initial stage involves defining the scope and objectives of the software project. The primary goal is to identify the need for a new system and determine if it is feasible. This stage includes:

   • Defining the problem and the need for a solution.
   • Conducting a feasibility study to evaluate technical, economic, and operational viability.
   • Setting project goals and objectives.
   • Identifying stakeholders.
   • Defining scope of the project.
   • Creating a project plan, including timelines and resource allocation.
2. Analysis:

   In this stage, the requirements for the software are gathered and analyzed in detail. It involves understanding the needs of the end-users and stakeholders.

   • Gathering detailed requirements through interviews, surveys, and workshops.
   • Analyzing the requirements to ensure they are clear, complete, and consistent.
   • Documenting the requirements in a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document.
3. Design:

   This stage focuses on creating a blueprint for how the software will be constructed. It involves translating the requirements into a design plan.

   • Designing the architecture of the system.
   • Designing the database schema.
   • Designing the user interface (UI).
   • Creating detailed specifications for each component of the system.
4. Implementation (Coding):

   This is the stage where the actual coding of the software takes place, based on the design specifications.

   • Writing code for each module or component.
   • Adhering to coding standards and guidelines.
   • Conducting unit testing to ensure each component works correctly.
5. Testing:

   The software is thoroughly tested to identify and fix any defects or bugs.

   • Performing various types of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing (UAT).
   • Documenting and reporting defects.
   • Verifying that the software meets the specified requirements.
6. Deployment:

   This involves releasing the software to the end-users and making it available for use in the intended environment.

   • Installing the software on the target environment.
   • Configuring the software.
   • Migrating any necessary data.
   • Training users on how to use the software.
7. Maintenance:

   After deployment, the software enters the maintenance phase. This involves providing ongoing support to users, fixing any remaining bugs, and making enhancements to the software as needed.

   • Providing technical support to users.
   • Fixing bugs and addressing issues reported by users.
   • Releasing updates and patches to improve performance and security.
   • Adding new features and enhancements based on user feedback and changing business needs.