A hump on the back of an animal is a protruding mass typically composed of muscle, fat, bone, or cartilage. The composition and function of a hump vary depending on the animal species. Here's a breakdown of humps in different animals:

• Camels:

  Camels are well-known for their humps, which primarily consist of stored fat. These humps serve as energy reserves, allowing camels to survive for extended periods without food or water. The fat can be metabolized into both energy and water when needed.

  There are two main types of camels:

  • Dromedary Camels: Have a single hump. Source
  • Bactrian Camels: Have two humps. Source
• Bison:

  Bison have a prominent hump on their shoulders formed by elongated vertebrae and strong muscles. This structure supports their massive head and is used for plowing through snow during the winter to reach vegetation.

  American bison have a larger hump compared to European bison (wisents). Source

• Zebu Cattle:

  Zebu cattle, also known as humped cattle, have a muscular hump over their shoulders. This hump is composed of muscle and fat and is thought to provide them with resilience in hot climates, although its exact function is still debated. Some hypotheses include that it acts as a thermal buffer.

  Zebu cattle are common in South Asia and Africa. Source