The constitution of India is the document and related practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of the Republic of India. It came into effect on January 26, 1950. The constitution proclaims the country “a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic.” It establishes India as a parliamentary democracy with powers divided between the union (central) government and the state governments. The constitution provides for a legislature with two houses: the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The president is head of state, and the prime minister is head of government.

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The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work.

Here are key aspects of what the Constitution of India entails:

• Foundational Legal Document:

  It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, procedures, practices, powers, and duties of government institutions.

• Supremacy of the Constitution:

  It establishes that the Constitution is supreme and that all laws must conform to it. Any law that violates the Constitution is deemed invalid.

• Structure of Government:

  It defines the structure of the Indian government, which includes the Parliament (legislative branch), the President and the Council of Ministers (executive branch), and the Supreme Court and other courts (judicial branch).

• Fundamental Rights:

  It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens of India, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.

• Directive Principles:

  It contains Directive Principles of State Policy, which are guidelines to the government for creating a just society. While these principles are not enforceable by any court, the government should consider them while formulating policies and laws.

• Citizenship:

  It defines who is a citizen of India and outlines the provisions related to citizenship.

• Amendment Process:

  It lays down the procedure for amending the Constitution, ensuring that it can be adapted to changing times and needs while safeguarding its basic structure.

• Federal Structure:

  It establishes a federal structure with a division of powers between the central government and the state governments.

• Independent Institutions:

  It provides for independent bodies like the Election Commission, the Comptroller and Auditor General, and the Union Public Service Commission to ensure free and fair functioning of democracy.

In essence, the Constitution of India is the foundation upon which the Indian state is built, defining the rights and responsibilities of its citizens and the framework within which the government must operate.

For more detailed information, you can refer to the official document of the Constitution of India.

• Constitution Of India