Caste discrimination in India is the practice of treating people unfairly based on their inherited social status, known as caste. Rooted in the ancient Hindu social hierarchy, the caste system traditionally divides society into groups with specific occupations and social roles. Historically, individuals born into lower castes faced severe restrictions, including limited access to education, employment, and public spaces, while those in higher castes enjoyed privileges and power. Although outlawed in India, caste discrimination persists in various forms, particularly in rural areas. It manifests as social exclusion, economic exploitation, and violence against lower-caste individuals. Equality and Human Rights Commission

• Historical Factors: The caste system has been deeply entrenched in Indian society for centuries, shaping social norms and power structures.

• Social Norms: Despite legal prohibitions, caste-based prejudices and discriminatory practices persist in many communities. Social norms often reinforce the idea of caste superiority and inferiority.

• Economic Factors: Caste and economic status are often linked, with lower castes disproportionately represented among the poor and marginalized. This economic inequality reinforces caste-based discrimination.

• Political Factors: Caste-based politics can perpetuate discrimination, as political parties sometimes mobilize voters along caste lines. Council on Foreign Relations

• Lack of Awareness: Insufficient awareness and education about the harms of caste discrimination can allow it to continue unchecked.

• Education: Promoting inclusive education that challenges caste-based stereotypes and fosters empathy and understanding among students.

• Legal Measures: Strengthening and enforcing anti-discrimination laws to provide legal recourse for victims of caste-based discrimination. OHCHR

• Awareness Campaigns: Launching public awareness campaigns to challenge caste-based prejudices and promote social equality.

• Economic Empowerment: Implementing policies to promote economic empowerment and social mobility for marginalized communities, such as affirmative action programs and access to credit and resources.

• Promoting Inter-caste Marriage: Encouraging inter-caste marriages to break down social barriers and foster greater social integration.

• Community-Based Initiatives: Supporting community-led initiatives that promote dialogue, reconciliation, and social harmony among different caste groups.