People traveled in deserts in large groups or caravans for several reasons, primarily related to safety and efficiency:

• Protection from Raiders and Bandits:

  Deserts were often lawless areas, and small groups were vulnerable to attacks from bandits and raiders. A large caravan provided a significant deterrent due to its size and the presence of armed guards. The increased number of people and animals made the caravan a less appealing target.

• Navigation and Route Finding:

  Navigating the vast and often featureless desert landscapes was challenging. Experienced guides who knew the routes, water sources, and potential hazards were essential. Caravans could pool resources to hire these guides, making the journey safer and more efficient.

• Resource Sharing:

  Caravans allowed travelers to share resources such as water, food, and animal care. Deserts are harsh environments where these resources are scarce, and traveling alone could quickly lead to disaster if supplies ran out. Pooling resources increased the chances of survival for everyone involved.

• Animal Management:

  Many desert journeys relied on animals like camels for transportation and carrying goods. Managing these animals required expertise and manpower. Caravans allowed for the sharing of knowledge and labor in caring for the animals, ensuring they remained healthy and capable of completing the journey.

• Trade and Commerce:

  Caravans were essential for long-distance trade across deserts. Merchants joined together to transport valuable goods, reducing the risk of loss or theft. The scale of a caravan allowed for the transportation of larger quantities of goods, making trade more economically viable.