Meaning of words

Gender violence, also known as gender-based violence (GBV), is violence directed at an individual based on their gender. It is rooted in gender inequality, the abuse of power, and harmful norms. Gender violence encompasses a wide range of abuses, including:

• Physical violence: hitting, slapping, kicking, and other forms of physical harm.
• Sexual violence: rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and other forms of unwanted sexual contact.
• Psychological violence: threats, intimidation, stalking, and other forms of emotional abuse.
• Economic violence: controlling a person's access to money, property, or other resources.
• Harmful traditional practices: female genital mutilation, forced marriage, and honor killings.

GBV can affect anyone, but women and girls are disproportionately affected. It is a major human rights violation and a serious public health problem.

For further information, you can refer to resources from the United Nations and other reputable organizations:

• United Nations on Gender Equality
• World Health Organization on Violence Against Women

When an amount is debited from an account, it means that the amount has been deducted or removed from the account. This typically happens when:

• You make a purchase : Using a debit card or writing a check results in a debit to your account.

• You withdraw cash : Taking money out of an ATM or bank teller.

• You pay a bill : Setting up automatic payments that will debit money from your account each month.

• Fees are charged : Banks may debit your account for service fees.

In summary, a debit reduces the balance of an account. In accounting terms, it records an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities/equity.

Behavior modification is a psychological treatment approach that aims to change unwanted behaviors by using various techniques based on learning principles. It primarily focuses on observable and measurable behaviors, seeking to increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable ones.

Key aspects include:

• Focus on Observable Behavior: Behavior modification deals with actions that can be seen and measured, rather than internal thoughts or feelings.
• Learning Principles: It employs principles such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning to bring about behavior change.
• Systematic Approach: Behavior modification involves a structured approach, including assessment, goal setting, intervention, and evaluation.
• Reinforcement and Punishment: Reinforcement is used to encourage desired behaviors, while punishment is used to discourage undesirable ones. Positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable, while negative reinforcement involves removing something undesirable.
• Techniques: A variety of techniques are used, including positive reinforcement, token economies, shaping, extinction, and aversion therapy.

Applications: Behavior modification is used in various settings, including:

• Education
• Mental health
• Parenting
• Organizational behavior management

For more information, you can refer to:

• PMC - Behavior Modification
• American Psychological Association - Behavior Therapy

In phonetics, the terms "voiced" and "voiceless" describe the state of the vocal cords during the production of a speech sound (a phoneme).