Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt exploded a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi on April 8, 1929, for several key reasons:

• To protest oppressive laws: They aimed to protest against the introduction of two controversial bills by the British government:
  • The Public Safety Bill: This bill aimed to give the government extensive powers to deport foreigners suspected of involvement in revolutionary activities, particularly targeting communist activists.
  • The Trade Disputes Bill: This bill sought to make it illegal for workers to strike, effectively curbing the rights of laborers and trade unions.
• To "make the deaf hear": Bhagat Singh famously stated that their intention was not to kill or injure, but "to make the deaf hear." They felt that the British government was ignoring the pleas and demands of the Indian people for self-rule and justice. The bombing was a dramatic act designed to draw widespread attention to the Indian independence movement and the injustices perpetrated by the colonial regime.
• To spread revolutionary ideas: They also used the opportunity to throw leaflets that outlined their revolutionary philosophy and called for an end to British rule. Their goal was to inspire other Indians and create a mass movement.
• Symbolic act, not mass casualty: The bombs were deliberately designed to be low-intensity, intended to create noise and smoke rather than cause fatalities or serious injuries. They purposefully threw them in an unoccupied area of the assembly and readily surrendered afterward, making it clear their objective was to send a message, not to commit terrorism.

After the bombing, they raised slogans like "Inquilab Zindabad!" (Long Live Revolution!) and allowed themselves to be arrested, using their subsequent trial as a platform to articulate their political views and revolutionary ideals to a wider audience.